Fungal-Based Remediation in the Treatment of Anthropogenic Activities and Pharmaceutical-Pollutant-Contaminated Wastewater

Pharmaceutical personal care products (PPCPs) have increased in consumption due to the worldwide post-pandemic situation, marking them as chemical and pathogenic pollutants significantly higher concentrations than ever ecosystem. Considering inexplicable levels of these residues discharged into environment, concerns been raised regarding their probable ecotoxicity marine terrestrial life. A further concern is potential for developing spreading antibiotic-resistant microorganisms genes aquatic ecosystems antibiotic exposure. Hence, knowing how compounds impact ecosystem functioning imperative, thus a critical area research. The ecological risk analysis PPCPs has carried out using various strategies. Previous studies reported numerous approaches eliminating PPCPs, including conventional treatment methods, activated sludge processes, generated wetlands, biological remediation, sequencing batch reactors, phytoremediation, membrane bioreactors. In terms green biotechnology approaches, current research aims discover effective procedures removing emerging resources pollutants. Therefore, this review focuses on over-extensive utilization emergent sources responsible contamination environmental threat future wastewater purposes. Further, fungi enzymes derivatives can remove pharmaceuticals from through oxidation several they attracted attention scientific community ability status wastewater. This examines fundamental approach progress bioremediation pharmaceutical- personal-care-contaminated fungal-based systems. It also discusses mechanistic hybridizing cultures other systems with fungal strains, technologies, prospects treatment.